Thailand energy report

• The country targets a share of renewables in final energy consumption of 30% in 2036.
• The oil and gas sector is dominated by national company PTT.
• State-owned electricity company EGAT dominates power generation, with 65% of total capacity.
• Gas production has decreased by 30% since 2014.
• Natural gas is by far the first energy source for power generation (65% in 2020).
• An Oil Fund is in place to mitigate the impact of fluctuations in international oil prices.
• Electricity prices have increased since 2017 due to higher fuel costs.
• Energy consumption dropped by 8% in 2020 after slow growth of 1%/year from 2013 to 2019.
• Oil products still account for 54% of final energy consumption.
• More than half of the capacity is still expected from gas in 2037 and 35% from renewables.
• LNG infrastructure development and market liberalisation are strategic priorities for Thailand to increase gas imports and reserves.

• Institutions & Energy Policy

  The Ministry of Energy is responsible for energy policy development through the Energy Policy and Planning Office (EPPO). The National Energy Policy Committee (NEPC), chaired by the Prime Minister, is the decision-making body.

• Energy Companies

  Oil:

  Petroleum Authority of Thailand (PTT) is the national oil company (63.5% public, of which 51.1% directly and 12.4% through the Vayupak Fund).

• Energy Supply

  Oil:

  The production of liquid hydrocarbons (crude oil and NGL) has been decreasing slightly since 2016 (-4%/year). It increased by 6%/year between 2000 and 2016.

  Except for 2019, imports and exports of oil products were largely balanced. The country was a net exporter of oil products in 2020 (6.4 Mt).

• Energy Prices

  Oil:

  Motor fuel prices are deregulated. Unleaded premium gasoline stood at US$1.14/l in 2019 and diesel at US$0.88/l.

  Motor fuel prices in Thailand are higher than in neighbouring countries (Malaysia, Cambodia, Myanmar).

  A state-run oil fund is set to minimize fluctuations in domestic retail fuel prices: the fund can absorb 50% of any retail fuel price increase.

• Energy Consumption

  Per capita energy consumption dropped in 2020 by 8% to 1.8 toe; per capita electricity consumption also decreased in 2020 to 2 600 kWh (-4%).

  Total energy consumption increased at a rapid pace between 2000 and 2013 (+4.7%/year), but noticeably slowed down from 2013 to 2019 (+1%/year). In 2020, energy consumption plummeted by 8% to 129 Mtoe.

• Issues & Prospects

  Thailand Integrated Energy Blueprint (TIEB) 2015 defines the energy trajectory until 2036. Oil demand is expected to increase by 3.3%/year until 2036 in the BAU scenario.

• GENERAL OVERVIEW
• INSTITUTIONS AND ENERGY POLICY
• ENERGY COMPANIES
• ENERGY SUPPLY
• ENERGY PRICES
• ENERGY CONSUMPTION
• ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
• DATA TABLES
• ABBREVIATIONS
• GLOSSARY

Download the Table of Contents

Below is a list of the Thailand energy market report graphs:

• GRAPH 1: CO₂-energy emissions (MtCO₂)
• GRAPH 2: Installed electric capacity by source (2020, %)
• GRAPH 3: Gross power production by source (TWh)
• GRAPH 4: Power generation by source (2020, %)
• GRAPH 5: Gasoline & diesel prices (US$/l)
• GRAPH 6: Electricity prices for industry and households (US$c/kWh)
• GRAPH 7: Consumption trends by energy source (Mtoe)
• GRAPH 8: Total consumption market share by energy (2020, %)
• GRAPH 9: Final consumption market share by sector (2020, %)

In the Thailand energy market report you will find the following tables:

• Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO₂ emissions.
• Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
• Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
• Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.
• Infrastructure Projects: Covers power plant projects by energy, technology, status and operator.

The Thailand country dashboards are complemented with country forecasts from EnerFuture (excel file) with scenario comparison.

Data included in the excelsheet:

• Demand: Primary energy consumption, final energy consumption, by fuel, by sector.
• Power: Electricity generation & capacities, by technology.
• CO₂: Total CO₂ emissions.
• Macro-economy: Main macro-economic assumptions.
• Key indicators: Energy intensity, share of renewables, CO₂ emissions per capita and per unit of GDP.