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Bulgaria energy report

Bulgaria energy report
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Format
4 files (PDF report, 3 Excel files)
Pages
74 (Report only)
Delivery
Immediate by e-mail
Table of Contents
  • GENERAL OVERVIEW
  • ENERGY AND CLIMATE POLICY FRAMEWORK
  • ENERGY COMPANIES
  • ENERGY SUPPLY AND DEMAND
  • ENERGY USE AND PRICE BY SECTOR
  • ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
  • STATISTICS
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • GLOSSARY

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Overview

Bulgaria’s energy strategy balances renewable expansion with coal reliance, targeting 34% renewables by 2030 while delaying coal phaseout until 2038. Recent tenders boost wind, solar, and storage, yet market liberalisation lags, and nuclear expansion remains pivotal.

Get more details on the table of contents and data files, as well as the list of graphs and tables by browsing the tabs below.

Highlights

  • Bulgaria targets 34% of renewables in final energy consumption by 2030.
  • In 2024, two tenders were launched to procure 1.4 GW of wind and solar and 350 MW of storage.
  • Bulgarian Energy Holding (BEH) accounts for around half of power generation, 90% of wholesale gas sales, and more than 90% of lignite mining.
  • Electricity distribution is ensured by 3 main companies.
  • Lignite-fired power generation fell by 59% between 2022 and 2024, due to high CO2 prices, pollution constraints, the competition of renewables, and the termination of a PPA.
  • CO2-free sources accounted for 66% of the power mix in 2024.
  • Final energy consumption has been rather stable at around 10 Mtoe since 2015. Electricity and gas prices declined in 2023 and 2024 after a surge in 2021 and 2022. They are lower than the EU average.
  • Bulgaria is accelerating its Kozloduy-7 nuclear project. Many regional gas interconnection projects are under development, as Bulgaria aims to become a regional gas hub.
+2.4 GW
of solar capacity since 2022
-55%
in lignite consumption since 2022
66%
of CO2-free sources in the power mix (2024)

  • Energy & Climate Policy Framework

    The Ministry of Energy oversees the country's energy policy.

    EWRC, the Energy and Water Regulatory Commission, regulates the energy sector, including some energy prices (gas, electricity, water, and district heating). It also approves the construction of gas and oil pipelines.

  • Energy Companies

    Gas:

    Bulgargaz is the main gas importer (1.7 bcm in 2024) and trades at SEWRC-regulated prices. In July 2024 the group started arbitration proceedings against Gazprom Export, seeking over BGN400m (€200m) in compensation for suspending gas supply in April 2022.

  • Energy Supply & Demand

    Resources:

    Bulgaria has substantial lignite reserves (2.2 Gt), although they are difficult to reach because they are located under cities and villages and have a high sulphur content (2%). Bulgaria also has more modest reserves of coal (192 Mt), oil (2 Mt), and natural gas (4 bcm).

  • Energy Use and Price by Sector

    Energy Prices in Residential:

    Rising energy prices in 2021-2022 prompted the government to implement measures to protect consumers. In December 2021, the Government took a first €850m package of measures to shield businesses from the effect of rising electricity prices. The increase in residential electricity prices (mostly regulated tariffs) was more limited (+8% in both 2021 and 2022).

  • Issues & Prospects

    Electricity:

    According to its draft 2025-2034 network development plan, ESO expects electricity consumption to increase by up to 1%/year between 2025 and 2034 (slight increase of 0.4%/year in the low scenario).

  • Graph 1: Final Intensity to GDP
  • Graph 2: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source
  • Graph 3: Total Consumption Market Share by Energy (2024)
  • Graph 4: Installed Electric Capacity by Source
  • Graph 5: Installed Electric Capacity by Source (2024)
  • Graph 6: Gross Power Production by Source & Consumption
  • Graph 7: Power Generation by Source (2024)
  • Graph 8: CO2 Intensity of Electricity Generation
  • Graph 9: Crude Oil Production & Consumption
  • Graph 10: Petroleum Products Production & Consumption
  • Graph 11: Gas Production & Consumption
  • Graph 12: Coal Production & Consumption
  • Graph 13: GHG Emissions and CO2-energy Emissions
  • Graph 14: CO2-Emissions per Capita
  • Graph 15: CO2 Intensity to GDP
  • Graph 16: Final Demand Trends by Energy Source
  • Graph 17: Final Consumption by Sector
  • Graph 18: Final Consumption Market Share by Sector (2024)
  • Graph 19: Share of Electricity in Total Final Energy Consumption
  • Graph 20: Final Consumption in Industry by Energy Source
  • Graph 21: Energy Prices in Industry (Taxes included)
  • Graph 22: Final Consumption in Transport by Energy Source
  • Graph 23: Energy Prices in Transport (Taxes included)
  • Graph 24: Final Consumption in Residential, Services, Agriculture by Energy Source
  • Graph 25: Energy Prices in Residential (Taxes included)
  • Graph 26: Upcoming New Capacity by Energy Source
  • Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions.
  • Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
  • Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
  • Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.

The Bulgaria energy market data since 1990 and up to is included in the Excel file accompanying the Bulgaria country report.
It showcases the historical evolution, allowing users to easily work with the data.

Key Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Economic indicators: Annual historical economic indicators, energy security, energy efficiency and CO2 emissions.
  • Supply indicators: Annual historical reserves, capacity, production and external trade (imports(+) exports(-) balance).
  • Demand indicators: Annual historical consumption per capita, consumption trends, total consumption, final consumption (per energy and per sector) and electricity consumption total and per sector.
  • Energy Balance: total and per energy.
  • Bulgaria Energy Prices: In addition to the analysis provided on the report we also provided a data set which includes historical details on the Bulgaria energy prices for the follow items: price of premium gasoline (taxes incl.), price of diesel (taxes incl.), price of electricity in industry (taxes incl.), price of electricity for households (taxes incl.), price of natural gas in industry (taxes incl.), prices of natural gas for households (taxes incl.), spot price of Brent and CO2 emissions (from fuel combustion).

The Bulgaria country dashboards are complemented with country forecasts from EnerFuture (excel file) with scenario comparison.

Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Demand: Primary energy consumption, final energy consumption, by fuel, by sector.
  • Power: Electricity generation & capacities, by technology.
  • CO2: Total CO2 emissions.
  • Macro-economy: Main macro-economic assumptions.
  • Key indicators: Energy intensity, share of renewables, CO2 emissions per capita and per unit of GDP.