Kuwait has pledged to reach carbon neutrality in the oil and gas sector by 2050 and in other sectors by 2060. Kuwait’s energy-related CO2 emissions were in 2021 almost four times higher than in 1990. Between 2016 and 2021, they increased by 13%. The country had the world’s second-highest per capita CO2 emissions from fuel combustion at 23 tCO2/cap in 2021, after Qatar (33 tCO2/cap).
In October 2021, the country updated its first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), pledging to cut its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 7.4% under the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario by 2035 with unconditional national effort. Under its BAU scenario, the country estimates GHG emissions at around 142 MtCO2eq by 2035, which is 65% more than in 2016 (reference year).
Most of the reduction in GHG emissions would come from an oil-to-gas substitution in energy production, new CCGT power plants, energy efficiency measures and renewable projects; Kuwait would also promote carbon capture and storage and mangrove cultivation.

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