Brazil's climate change targets 59-67% cut in GHG emissions by 2035 from 2005

The Brazilian government has officially launched its National Climate Change Plan for the 2024-2035 period, which aims to reduce the country’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 59% to 67% by 2035 compared to the 2005 level - corresponding to a 49-58% cut compared to 2022 level - and put Brazil on the path to carbon neutrality by 2050 (Brazilian government, 16/03/2026). 

This would reduce GHG emissions from 2.56 GtCO₂eq in 2005 and 2 GtCO₂eq in 2022 to 1.32 GtCO₂eq in 2025, 1.2 GtCO₂eq in 2030 and to 0.85-1.05 GtCO₂eq in 2035. Most of the effort is expected to come from change in the use of land in public areas (-140% over 2022-2030 and -155% over 2022-2035) and land use changes in private rural areas (-70% over 2022-2030 and -110% over 2022-2035), as well as, to a lesser extent from cities (-11% over 2022-2030 and -18-45% over 2022-2035) and waste (-12%), while emissions are expected to increase in industry (+11% over 2022-2030 and up to +34% over 2022-2035), transports (+9% over 2022-2030 and up to +16% over 2022-2035) and energy (+33% over 2022-2030 and up to +44% over 2022-2035). 

Concerning the use of land in public and private areas and agriculture, which together accounted for 70% of net emissions in 2022, the country targets zero deforestation by 2030. To do so, it intends to eliminate illegal deforestation and offset the reduction in legal deforestation trough the recovery of native vegetation. 

In the energy sector, Brazil plans to increase the share of renewables in the power mix to 83-86% by 2035. In addition, it targets efficiency gains of 5-6.3% in buildings and 4-8% in industry by 2035 compared to the baseline of 2024. Moreover, Brazil would rise the production of SAF and green diesel, as well as biodiesel and ethanol blending to respectively 25% and 35% in 2035. The country will also cut emissions from its oil and gas sector (exploration and production, refining and oil and gas transports) through the use of carbon capture, storage and use (CCUS), infrastructure optimisation, and methane emissions cuts.