Turkey Energy Information

Total Energy Consumption

Total consumption per capita is around 1.9 toe (2021) (of which 3 300 kWh of electricity) compared to about 3.1 toe for the EU.

Interactive Chart Turkey Total Energy Consumption

Crude Oil Production

Turkey covers only 10% of its total oil needs with a production of 4.3 Mt of crude oil (2021).

The total refining capacity of 0.8 mb/d is distributed over 6 refineries, including 2 large ones belonging to Tupras: Izmir and Izmit (0.2 mb/d each). The STAR refinery (0.2 mb/d) was completed in 2018 by Socar.

In 2021, net crude and oil product imports reached 43 Mt, just below the 2016-2019 average. The share of crude in that amount has surged to about 70% since 2019, from 50% in 2018, due to the STAR refinery starting operations.

Interactive Chart Turkey Crude Oil Production

Oil Products Consumption

Oil consumption increased by 6% in 2021 to 44 Mt. It had been stable over the last three years (42 Mt in 2020), following a period of rapid growth between 2010 and 2017 (4.5%/year), driven by the transport sector.

Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)

Interactive Chart Turkey Refined Oil Products Production

Natural Gas Consumption

Gas consumption surged to 60 bcm in 2021, 24% higher than in 2020, driven by high economic growth and limited hydropower availability. This constitutes a second year of rebound following a substantial drop over 2018 and 2019 (-16%) as a result of successive gas price hikes during the period, combined with a lower need for power generation.

Between 2000 and 2014, gas consumption grew very rapidly (9%/year) and then started to decrease in 2015 and 2016, driven by the power sector.

Interactive Chart Turkey Natural Gas Domestic Consumption

Coal Consumption

Coal and lignite consumption rebounded in 2021 to its 2019 level of 124 Mt, following a 10% drop in 2020 due to decreased demand from power plants. Coal and lignite consumption rose by 8%/year over 2015-2019.

Of the total demand, 75% is used to produce electricity, 16% is consumed by industry, and the remainder is consumed by buildings.

Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)

Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2021, %)

Interactive Chart Turkey Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption

Power Consumption

Electricity consumption increased by 8% in 2021, reaching 284 TWh. It had been increasing slowly since 2018, following a period of very rapid growth over 2010-2018 (over 5%/year).

Buildings absorb the highest share with 52% (of which, services 27% and residential 24%), followed by industry with 43%.

Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)

Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2021, %)

Renewable in % Electricity Production

The General Directorate of Renewable Energy of MENR is in charge of implementing policy on renewables.

Turkey aims to produce 50% of its electricity from renewables by 2023 (36% in 2021). The initial target of 30% set in the Electricity Market and Security of Supply Strategy was raised to 50% in 2018 as it was already surpassed in 2017 with 32%.

Interactive Chart Turkey Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

CO₂ Fuel Combustion/CO₂ Emissions

In its first NDC, submitted in 2021, Turkey pledges to cut its GHG emissions in 2030 by 21% below a BAU scenario. The BAU scenario leads to GHG emissions of 1 175 MtCO₂eq by 2030 (173% more than in 2012, reference year). The 21% cut would limit GHG emissions to 929 MtCO₂eq, which would still be more than twice the 2012 level.