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South Africa energy report

South Africa energy report
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Format
4 files (PDF report, 3 Excel files)
Pages
71 (Report only)
Delivery
Immediate by e-mail
Table of Contents
  • GENERAL OVERVIEW
  • ENERGY AND CLIMATE POLICY FRAMEWORK
  • ENERGY COMPANIES
  • ENERGY SUPPLY AND DEMAND
  • ENERGY USE AND PRICE BY SECTOR
  • ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
  • STATISTICS
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • GLOSSARY

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1 490 €

Overview

South Africa aims for a net-zero energy system by mid-century while addressing persistent electricity shortages. The government promotes renewable energy, battery storage, and green hydrogen through policies like the Just Transition Framework, alongside regulated coal, oil, and gas sectors. Key reforms include ending Eskom’s monopoly, expanding private power generation, and improving grid infrastructure to enhance energy security and sustainability.

Get more details on the table of contents and data files, as well as the list of graphs and tables by browsing the tabs below.

Highlights

  • South Africa has the objective to reach a net zero energy system by 2050 but currently has to manage an electricity system that is under considerable strain.
  • Eskom dominates power generation (86%).
  • The National Transmission Company South Africa started to operate in 2024 as an independent TSO.
  • Coal dominates the power mix (85% in 2024) and its market share rose by 2.5 points in 2024, after dropping by 10 points from 2010 to 2023.
  • Coal consumption rebounded by 7% in 2024, after dropping by 4%/year over 2019-2023.
  • Final energy consumption has been decreasing by 2.3%/year since 2018.
  • Electricity prices have increased by more than 42% since 2020.
  • Around 4 GW of solar and wind are under construction, and 13 GW are under development.
7th
largest coal exporter in the world (2024)
20%
wind and solar in power capacity in 2030
+7
% points increase since 2010 in share of CO2-free sources in power mix

  • Energy & Climate Policy Framework

    The Department of Mineral Resources and Energy (DMRE) supervises the energy sector, with the objective of providing secure, sustainable, and affordable energy. It is also responsible for the promotion and regulation of minerals and mining.

  • Energy Companies

    Oil:

    PetroSA and Sasol lead the oil exploration/production sector.

  • Energy Supply & Demand

    Gas:

    Natural gas production is marginal (less than 1 bcm since 2021). The offshore gas reserves located in Mossel Bay (Bredasdorp Basin) were put into production in 2007 in order to supply the GTL plant of Mossel Bay (plant commissioned in 1992 as the world's first GTL refinery) but are now insufficient for the plant.

  • Energy Use and Price by Sector

    Energy Prices in Transport:

    The prices of gasoline and diesel largely follow international oil prices. The DMRE sets oil product prices through the Basic Fuel Price Formula, which notably includes international oil prices, supply and demand of petroleum products, and the ZAR/US$ exchange rate, as well as domestic factors such as transport costs, taxes, etc.

  • Issues & Prospects

    Gas:

    The government seeks to diversify its energy supply mix away from coal and to resort to more gas to meet its energy consumption needs, in particular for power generation. New investments in gas infrastructure are, therefore, considered to allow more gas imports and the development of domestic shale gas resources could begin in the short term.

  • Graph 1: Final Intensity to GDP
  • Graph 2: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source (Mtoe)
  • Graph 3: Total Consumption Market Share by Energy (2024, %)
  • Graph 4: Installed Electric Capacity by Source (GW)
  • Graph 5: Installed Electric Capacity by Source (2024, %)
  • Graph 6: Gross Power Production by Source & Consumption (TWh)
  • Graph 7: Power Generation by Source (2024, %)
  • Graph 8: CO2 Intensity of Electricity Generation
  • Graph 9: Crude Oil Production & Consumption (Mt)
  • Graph 10: Petroleum Products Production & Consumption (Mt)
  • Graph 11: Gas Production & Consumption (bcm)
  • Graph 12: Coal Production & Consumption (Mt)
  • Graph 13: GHG Emissions and CO2-energy Emissions (MtCO2)
  • Graph 14: CO2-Emissions per Capita
  • Graph 15: CO2 Intensity to GDP
  • Graph 16: Final Demand Trends by Energy Source (Mtoe)
  • Graph 17: Final Consumption by Sector (Mtoe)
  • Graph 18: Final Consumption Market Share by Sector (2024, %)
  • Graph 19: Share of Electricity in Total Final Energy Consumption
  • Graph 20: Final Consumption in Industry by Energy Source (Mtoe)
  • Graph 21: Energy Prices Including Taxes in Industry (USDc/kWh)
  • Graph 22: Final Consumption in Transport by Energy Source (Mtoe)
  • Graph 23: Energy Prices Including Taxes in Transport (USD/l)
  • Graph 24: Final Consumption in Residential, Services, Agriculture by Energy Source (Mtoe)
  • Graph 25: Energy Prices Including Taxes in Residential (USDc/kWh)
  • Graph 26: Upcoming New Capacity by Energy Source (GW)
  • Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions.
  • Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
  • Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
  • Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.

The South Africa energy market data since 1990 and up to is included in the Excel file accompanying the South Africa country report.
It showcases the historical evolution, allowing users to easily work with the data.

Key Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Economic indicators: Annual historical economic indicators, energy security, energy efficiency and CO2 emissions.
  • Supply indicators: Annual historical reserves, capacity, production and external trade (imports(+) exports(-) balance).
  • Demand indicators: Annual historical consumption per capita, consumption trends, total consumption, final consumption (per energy and per sector) and electricity consumption total and per sector.
  • Energy Balance: total and per energy.
  • South Africa Energy Prices: In addition to the analysis provided on the report we also provided a data set which includes historical details on the South Africa energy prices for the follow items: price of premium gasoline (taxes incl.), price of diesel (taxes incl.), price of electricity in industry (taxes incl.), price of electricity for households (taxes incl.), price of natural gas in industry (taxes incl.), prices of natural gas for households (taxes incl.), spot price of Brent and CO2 emissions (from fuel combustion).

The South Africa country dashboards are complemented with country forecasts from EnerFuture (excel file) with scenario comparison.

Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Demand: Primary energy consumption, final energy consumption, by fuel, by sector.
  • Power: Electricity generation & capacities, by technology.
  • CO2: Total CO2 emissions.
  • Macro-economy: Main macro-economic assumptions.
  • Key indicators: Energy intensity, share of renewables, CO2 emissions per capita and per unit of GDP.