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4 files (PDF report, 3 Excel files)
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44 (Report only)
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Table of Contents
  • GENERAL OVERVIEW
  • INSTITUTIONS AND ENERGY POLICY
  • ENERGY COMPANIES
  • ENERGY SUPPLY
  • ENERGY PRICES
  • ENERGY CONSUMPTION
  • ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
  • DATA TABLES
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • GLOSSARY

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Overview

This analysis includes a comprehensive Japan energy market report and updated datasets. It is derived from the most recent key economic indicators, supply and demand factors, oil and gas pricing trends and major energy issues and developments surrounding the energy industry. The report provides a complete picture of the country situation, dynamics, current issues and future prospects. With market data and continuous follow-up of markets news, this report brings clear and concise insights with which to tackle national energy challenges and opportunities. Browse the tabs below for a detailed table of contents, the list of graphs and tables, and details on the data files.

Highlights

  • For 2040, Japan targets a 73% reduction in GHG emissions and a share of CO2-free sources in the power mix reaching 60-72% (40-50% for renewables).
  • Ten vertically integrated private companies account for around two thirds of the power production.
  • ENEOS is the largest oil company, accounting for 50% of gasoline sales.
  • Japan ranks second in the world for LNG imports, and third for coal imports and for solar PV capacity.
  • Renewables represented 28.5% of the power mix in 2024 (+15 points since 2010).
  • Gas and electricity subsidies have been extended until September 2025, and gasoline subsidies indefinitely.
  • Total energy consumption has been decreasing regularly since 2010 (-2%/year).
  • With ambitious objectives regarding GHG emissions, Japan will extensively reinforce its nuclear capacity and develop offshore wind.
-73%
GHG emissions reduction in 2040 compared to 2013
~70%
share of CO2-free sources in the power mix in 2040
-2.6%
annual decrease in energy intensity since 2010

  • Institutions & Energy Policy

    METI, the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry, oversees the energy sector through ANRE, Agency for Natural Resources and Energy. ANRE has three departments: the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Department, the Natural Resources and Fuel Department, and the Electricity and Gas Industry Department.

  • Energy Companies

    Electricity:

    The electricity sector is dominated by 10 regional, private companies (the "Ten EPCOS"), vertically integrated and grouped together in the Federation of Electric Power Companies (FEPC), and by J-Power. The EPCOs' monopoly in their region ended in 2016.

  • Energy Supply

    Resources:

    Japan has limited hydrocarbon resources (around 26 Mt of oil and 10 bcm of gas in 2024). ANRE estimates that the economically exploitable potential of renewable energies amounts to 38-64 Mtoe/year (including 10-21 Mtoe of solar and 7-10 Mtoe of waste); the technical potential is estimated at 127 Mtoe/year.

  • Energy Prices

    Electricity:

    Electricity prices for industry decreased by 13% in 2023 to 14.4 c/kWh, after a 4% rise in 2023. Meanwhile, the price for households increased by 3% in 2024 to US$21.1c/kWh, after a 19% drop in 2023 and a regular 2%/year regular decrease on 2019-2022.

  • Energy Consumption

    Energy consumption per capita was 3.11 toe in 2024. Electricity consumption per capita was around 7.4 MWh.

    Total energy consumption has been decreasing by 2%/year on average since 2010 to 3986 Mtoe in 2024.

    The energy intensity is decreasing rapidly (-2.6%/year since 2010).

    Graph: CONSUMPTION TRENDS BY ENERGY SOURCE (Mtoe)

  • Issues & Prospects

    Using its Global Energy Forecasting Model POLES (scenario called EnerBlue 2024-2025), Enerdata foresees the share of oil to account for 19% of the primary energy consumption by 2040, while the share of natural gas would be around 14%, the share of nuclear 14%, and the share of coal around 5%. The remainder (24%) would be covered by renewables and biomass.

  • GRAPH 1: CO2-energy emissions (MtCO2)
  • GRAPH 2: Installed electric capacity by source (2024, %)
  • GRAPH 3: Gross power production by source (TWh)
  • GRAPH 4: Power generation by source (2024)
  • GRAPH 5: Gasoline & diesel prices (US$/l)
  • GRAPH 6: Electricity prices for industry and households (US$c/kWh)
  • GRAPH 7: Gas prices for industry and households (US$c/kWh GCV)
  • GRAPH 8: Consumption trends by energy source (Mtoe)
  • GRAPH 9: Total consumption market share by energy (2024, %)
  • GRAPH 10: Final consumption market share by sector (2024, %)
  • GRAPH 11: Oil consumption (Mt)
  • GRAPH 12: Oil consumption breakdown by sector (2024, %)
  • GRAPH 13: Electricity consumption (TWh)
  • GRAPH 14: Electricity consumption breakdown by sector (2024, %)
  • GRAPH 15: Natural gas consumption (bcm)
  • GRAPH 16: Gas consumption breakdown by sector (2024, %)
  • GRAPH 17: Coal consumption (Mt)
  • GRAPH 18: Coal consumption breakdown by sector (2024, %)
  • Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions.
  • Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
  • Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
  • Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.
  • Infrastructure Projects: Covers power plant projects by energy, technology, status and operator, gas plant projects by status and operator and LNG contracts.

The Japan energy market data since 1990 and up to is included in the Excel file accompanying the Japan country report.
It showcases the historical evolution, allowing users to easily work with the data.

Key Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Economic indicators: Annual historical economic indicators, energy security, energy efficiency and CO2 emissions.
  • Supply indicators: Annual historical reserves, capacity, production and external trade (imports(+) exports(-) balance).
  • Demand indicators: Annual historical consumption per capita, consumption trends, total consumption, final consumption (per energy and per sector) and electricity consumption total and per sector.
  • Energy Balance: total and per energy.
  • Japan Energy Prices: In addition to the analysis provided on the report we also provided a data set which includes historical details on the Japan energy prices for the follow items: price of premium gasoline (taxes incl.), price of diesel (taxes incl.), price of electricity in industry (taxes incl.), price of electricity for households (taxes incl.), price of natural gas in industry (taxes incl.), prices of natural gas for households (taxes incl.), spot price of Brent and CO2 emissions (from fuel combustion).

The Japan country dashboards are complemented with country forecasts from EnerFuture (excel file) with scenario comparison.

Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Demand: Primary energy consumption, final energy consumption, by fuel, by sector.
  • Power: Electricity generation & capacities, by technology.
  • CO2: Total CO2 emissions.
  • Macro-economy: Main macro-economic assumptions.
  • Key indicators: Energy intensity, share of renewables, CO2 emissions per capita and per unit of GDP.