Japan energy report

• For 2030, Japan targets a 46% reduction in GHG emissions and a share of renewables and nuclear in the power mix of 36-38% and 20-22%, respectively.
• Ten vertically integrated private companies account for around two thirds of the power production.
• JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy is the largest oil company, accounting for 50% of gasoline sales.
• Tokyo Gas and Osaka Gas account for 70% of the gas supply.
• Japan ranks second in the world for coal and LNG imports and third for solar PV capacity.
• Carbon free sources represent 30% of the power mix.
• The price of electricity in industry is almost 30% higher than in EU countries. Electricity for households costs two twice more than in China and South-Korea.
• Total energy consumption has been decreasing by 2.2%/year since 2010. The energy mix has remained stable in recent years.
• With ambitious objectives regarding GHG emissions and renewables, Japan will extensively reinforce its nuclear capacity and develop offshore wind.

• Institutions & Energy Policy

  METI, the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry, oversees the energy sector through ANRE, Agency for Natural Resources and Energy. ANRE has three departments: the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Department, the Natural Resources and Fuel Department, and the Electricity and Gas Industry Department.

• Energy Companies

  Electricity:

  The electricity sector is dominated by 10 regional, private companies (the "Ten EPCOS"), vertically integrated and grouped together in the Federation of Electric Power Companies (FEPC), and by J-Power. The EPCOs' monopoly in their region ended in 2016.

• Energy Supply

  Resources:

  Japan has limited hydrocarbon resources (around 6 Mt of oil and 24 bcm of gas in 2021). ANRE estimates that the economically exploitable potential of renewable energies amounts to 38-64 Mtoe/year (including 10-21 Mtoe of solar and 7-10 Mtoe of waste); the technical potential is estimated at 127 Mtoe/year.

• Energy Prices

  Oil:

  The average price is US$1.34/l for gasoline and US$1.16/l for diesel in 2021. These prices follow international oil prices, declining between 2012 and 2016 and increasing slightly up to 2018. Japanese customers pay one of the highest gasoline prices in the Asia Pacific region after Hong Kong. Diesel prices are about 22% higher than in China.

• Energy Consumption

  Energy consumption per capita was 3.2 toe in 2021. Electricity consumption per capita was around 7600 kWh.

  Total energy consumption has been decreasing continuously between 2010 and 2020 (-2%/year), and increased by nearly 5% in 2021, up to 404 Mtoe.

  Graph: CONSUMPTION TRENDS BY ENERGY SOURCE (Mtoe)

• Issues & Prospects

  Using its Global Energy Forecasting Model POLES (baseline called EnerBlue 2020), Enerdata foresees the share of oil to account for 26% of the primary energy consumption by 2040, while the share of natural gas would be around 38% and the share of coal around 11%. The remainder (25%) would be covered by nuclear, renewables, and biomass.

• GENERAL OVERVIEW
• INSTITUTIONS AND ENERGY POLICY
• ENERGY COMPANIES
• ENERGY SUPPLY
• ENERGY PRICES
• ENERGY CONSUMPTION
• ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
• DATA TABLES
• ABBREVIATIONS
• GLOSSARY

Download the Table of Contents

Below is a list of the Japan energy market report graphs:

• GRAPH 1: CO₂-energy emissions (MtCO₂)
• GRAPH 2: Installed electric capacity by source (2021, %)
• GRAPH 3: Gross power production by source (TWh)
• GRAPH 4: Power generation by source (2021)
• GRAPH 5: Gasoline & diesel prices (US$/l)
• GRAPH 6: Electricity prices for industry and households (US$c/kWh)
• GRAPH 7: Gas prices for industry and households (US$c/kWh GCV)
• GRAPH 8: Consumption trends by energy source (Mtoe)
• GRAPH 9: Total consumption market share by energy (2021, %)
• GRAPH 10: Final consumption market share by sector (2021, %)
• GRAPH 11: Oil consumption (Mt)
• GRAPH 12: Oil consumption breakdown by sector (2021, %)
• GRAPH 13: Electricity consumption (TWh)
• GRAPH 14: Electricity consumption breakdown by sector (2021, %)
• GRAPH 15: Natural gas consumption (bcm)
• GRAPH 16: Gas consumption breakdown by sector (2021, %)
• GRAPH 17: Coal consumption (Mt)
• GRAPH 18: Coal consumption breakdown by sector (2021, %)

In the Japan energy market report you will find the following tables:

• Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO₂ emissions.
• Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
• Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
• Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.
• Infrastructure Projects: Covers power plant projects by energy, technology, status and operator, gas plant projects by status and operator and LNG contracts.

The Japan country dashboards are complemented with country forecasts from EnerFuture (excel file) with scenario comparison.

Data included in the excelsheet:

• Demand: Primary energy consumption, final energy consumption, by fuel, by sector.
• Power: Electricity generation & capacities, by technology.
• CO₂: Total CO₂ emissions.
• Macro-economy: Main macro-economic assumptions.
• Key indicators: Energy intensity, share of renewables, CO₂ emissions per capita and per unit of GDP.