Hong-Kong energy report

• The energy sector is fully privatised.
• The country targets a 40% energy intensity reduction in 2025 compared to 2005.
• CLP Holdings is the main electric utility.
• Gas supply is monopolised by Hong Kong & China Gas.
• Oil supply is mainly ensured by Chinese companies.
• Hong Kong is dependent on energy imports, mostly from China.
• Its power generation is 99% thermal
• Power generation sourced by gas reached 71% in 2020 and coal 28%, a reversal of the situation in previous years.
• Energy prices are much higher than in China, mainly due to a higher fuel tax.
• The services sector consumes two thirds of electricity.
• Gas held the largest share in total energy consumption (33%) in 2020, replacing coal (25%).
• As part of its Climate Action Plan 2030+, the country is phasing out coal-fired power and shifting to natural gas and renewables. However, no plan to boost the development of renewables has been designed.
• HK Electric is constructing two new CCGT units for the Lamma power station.

• Institutions & Energy Policy

  The Government does not have a specific entity to control the energy sector. The responsibility for the regulation of the electricity and gas sectors is shared between several departments: the Commerce and Economic Development Bureau, the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department (and in particular the Gas Standards Office), the Treasury, and the Environmental Protection Department.

• Energy Companies

  Gas:

  The distribution monopoly of gas for domestic use is held by Towngas, the shorter name of the Hong Kong and China Gas Company, (41.5% Henderson Land Development).

  Towngas has 1.9 million customers in Hong Kong. Abroad, it serves more than 31.8 million customers across 27 provinces and municipalities in mainland China (282 city-gas projects in 2020).

• Energy Supply

  Gas:

  All the gas is imported by pipe from mainland China. Imports started in 1996, supplied from the LNG terminal of Shenzhen to fuel the two combined-cycle units at the Lamma power plant.

• Energy Prices

  Electricity:

  Power prices remained stable until 2018 for all sectors and then dropped by 20% in 2019 for households and remained quite stable in 2020 at US$13.8c/kWh. The price in 2020 for industry was rather stable (US$16.3c/kWh in 2020).

• Energy Consumption

  Total energy consumption per capita dropped by 10% in 2020 to 1.7 toe. Per capita electricity consumption is about 5,840 kWh.

  Total energy consumption decreased by 8.5% in 2020, reaching 13 Mtoe. Previously, it had been stable since 2007.

• Issues & Prospects

  Electricity:

  The country's priority is to develop renewables. The ENB estimates that Hong Kong only has an achievable potential of 3-4% of total electricity consumed from wind, solar and waste-to-energy sources until 2030.

• GENERAL OVERVIEW
• INSTITUTIONS AND ENERGY POLICY
• ENERGY COMPANIES
• ENERGY SUPPLY
• ENERGY PRICES
• ENERGY CONSUMPTION
• ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
• DATA TABLES
• ABBREVIATIONS
• GLOSSARY

Download the Table of Contents

Below is a list of the Hong-Kong energy market report graphs:

• GRAPH 1: CO₂-energy Emissions (MtCO₂)
• GRAPH 2: Installed electric capacity by source (2020, %)
• GRAPH 3: Gross power production by source (TWh)
• GRAPH 4: Power generation by source (2020, %)
• GRAPH 5: Gasoline & diesel prices (US$/l)
• GRAPH 6: Electricity prices for industry and householeds (US$c/kWh)
• GRAPH 7: Gas prices for industry and households (€c/ kWh GCV)
• GRAPH 8: Consumption trends by energy source (Mtoe)
• GRAPH 9: Total consumption market share by energy (2020, %)
• GRAPH 10: Final consumption market share by sector (2020, %)

In the Hong-Kong energy market report you will find the following tables:

• Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO₂ emissions.
• Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
• Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
• Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.
• Infrastructure Projects: Covers power plant projects by energy, technology, status and operator.