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France energy report

France energy report
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Format
4 files (PDF report, 3 Excel files)
Pages
72 (Report only)
Delivery
Immediate by e-mail
Table of Contents
  • GENERAL OVERVIEW
  • ENERGY AND CLIMATE POLICY FRAMEWORK
  • ENERGY COMPANIES
  • ENERGY SUPPLY AND DEMAND
  • ENERGY USE AND PRICE BY SECTOR
  • ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
  • STATISTICS
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • GLOSSARY

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Overview

France’s energy and climate policy centres on achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, with ambitious targets to halve greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and expand renewables to over 40% of final energy consumption. Nuclear remains pivotal, while coal phase-outs and fossil fuel reductions are prioritised. Market liberalisation and regulatory frameworks support this transition.

Get more details on the table of contents and data files, as well as the list of graphs and tables by browsing the tabs below.

Highlights

  • The country targets a share of 41% of renewables in the final energy consumption. France is at almost 75% of its target of halving GHG emissions in 2030 compared to 1990 levels.
  • EDF and Engie remain the dominant players on the power and gas markets (60% of power sales for EDF and 40% of gas sales for Engie).
  • Around 5 GW of solar was commissioned in 2024.
  • Carbon-free sources account for 93% of the power mix (2024).
  • Net power exports increased by 78% in 2024 to 90 TWh.
  • The share of LNG in gas imports averaged 60% since 2022.
  • Final energy consumption is decreasing since 2021 (-4%/year).
  • Electricity prices for households increased by 40% since 2021, while the price for industry doubled from 2021 to 2023.
  • Wind and solar capacities are expected to double by 2028. Five interconnection projects totalling 6.5 GW are under development.
93%
share of CO2-free sources in the power mix (2024)
-4%
annual reduction in final consumption since 2021
-32%
GHG emissions since 1990

  • Energy & Climate Policy Framework

    The General Directorate for Energy and Climate (DGEC) of the Ministry for Energy Transition (MET) is responsible for the development and implementation of France's energy policy.

    The Energy Regulation Commission (CRE) regulates the electricity and gas markets.

  • Energy Companies

    Gas:

    Engie (23.64% state-owned) is the leader on the gas market. It has E&P activities in Germany, Norway, the UK, the Netherlands, Algeria, Egypt, and Indonesia. Engie sold its global upstream LNG assets to TotalEnergies in 2018. Engie was created in 2008 following the merger of Gaz de France (GDF) and Suez.

  • Energy Supply & Demand

    Resources:

    France has depleted its natural gas and oil reserves. Coal reserves are low and have high extraction costs, and hydroelectric sources are already heavily exploited. However, its subsoil is estimated to be rich in shale gas, with resources believed to represent one third of the total European shale gas resources.

  • Energy Use and Price by Sector

    Energy Prices in Transport:

    The price of gasoline declined by 3% in 2024 to €1.8/l, after increasing by 12%/year between 2020 and 2023. In parallel, since 2022, the price of diesel has fallen by 4%/year to €1.7/l in 2024, after rising by 21%/year over the 2020-2022 period.

  • Issues & Prospects

    According to the revised PPE (2020), total energy consumption of fossil fuels in the reference case is planned to decrease by 35% by 2030, compared to 2012, with a reduction in consumption of 80% for coal, 34% for oil, and 22% for gas. Final energy consumption is planned to shrink by 16.5% in 2028 (relative to 2012).

  • Graph 1: Final Intensity to GDP
  • Graph 2: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source
  • Graph 3: Total Consumption Market Share by Energy (2024)
  • Graph 4: Installed Electric Capacity by Source
  • Graph 5: Installed Electric Capacity by Source (2024)
  • Graph 6: Gross Power Production by Source & Consumption
  • Graph 7: Power Generation by Source (2024)
  • Graph 8: CO2 Intensity of Electricity Generation
  • Graph 9: Crude Oil Production & Consumption
  • Graph 10: Petroleum Products Production & Consumption
  • Graph 11: Gas Production & Consumption
  • Graph 12: Coal Production & Consumption
  • Graph 13: Emissions of GHG and CO2 from Fuel Combustion
  • Graph 14: CO2-Emissions per Capita
  • Graph 15: CO2 Intensity to GDP
  • Graph 16: Final Demand Trends by Energy Source
  • Graph 17: Final Consumption by Sector
  • Graph 18: Final Consumption Market Share by Sector (2024)
  • Graph 19: Share of Electricity in Total Final Energy Consumption
  • Graph 20: Final Consumption in Industry by Energy Source
  • Graph 21: Energy Prices in Industry (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 22: Final Consumption in Transport by Energy Source
  • Graph 23: Energy Prices in Transport (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 24: Final Consumption in Residential, Services, Agriculture by Energy Source
  • Graph 25: Energy Prices in Residential (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 26: Upcoming New Capacity by Energy Source
  • Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions.
  • Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
  • Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
  • Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.

The France energy market data since 1990 and up to is included in the Excel file accompanying the France country report.
It showcases the historical evolution, allowing users to easily work with the data.

Key Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Economic indicators: Annual historical economic indicators, energy security, energy efficiency and CO2 emissions.
  • Supply indicators: Annual historical reserves, capacity, production and external trade (imports(+) exports(-) balance).
  • Demand indicators: Annual historical consumption per capita, consumption trends, total consumption, final consumption (per energy and per sector) and electricity consumption total and per sector.
  • Energy Balance: total and per energy.
  • France Energy Prices: In addition to the analysis provided on the report we also provided a data set which includes historical details on the France energy prices for the follow items: price of premium gasoline (taxes incl.), price of diesel (taxes incl.), price of electricity in industry (taxes incl.), price of electricity for households (taxes incl.), price of natural gas in industry (taxes incl.), prices of natural gas for households (taxes incl.), spot price of Brent and CO2 emissions (from fuel combustion).

The France country dashboards are complemented with country forecasts from EnerFuture (excel file) with scenario comparison.

Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Demand: Primary energy consumption, final energy consumption, by fuel, by sector.
  • Power: Electricity generation & capacities, by technology.
  • CO2: Total CO2 emissions.
  • Macro-economy: Main macro-economic assumptions.
  • Key indicators: Energy intensity, share of renewables, CO2 emissions per capita and per unit of GDP.