Turkey energy report

• The country targets producing 50% of its electricity from renewables in 2023.
• It pledges to cut its GHG emissions in 2030 by 21% below a BAU scenario, which would imply a level of emissions more than twice as high as in 2012.
• Private companies account for around 80% of the power capacity.
• Electricity and gas distribution is in the hand of municipal companies.
• The country is very dependent on natural gas and oil imports (99% and 90%, respectively, in 2021).
• The share of wind, solar, and geothermal in the power mix has increased by 13 points since 2010 to 17%. Generation from coal and lignite, that was fast growing until 2018, has stabilized since then.
• Motor fuel prices were divided by a factor of 2 between 2015 and 2021. In 2022, high electricity and gas price hikes have been implemented.
• Total energy demand surged in 2021 (+10%), after a period of stability over 2017-2020.
• Power generation absorbs a large share of coal and lignite.
• Buildings are the main gas consumers, while oil is mostly used in transport.
• Only one nuclear project is moving forward. The development of coal and lignite-fired generation, as well as renewable electricity sources, is continuing.
• Significant amounts of natural gas have recently been discovered in the Black Sea by TPAO.

• Institutions & Energy Policy

  MENR, Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (ETKB in Turkish)controls the energy sector.

• Energy Companies

  Electricity:

  TEK, the Turkish Electricity Authority, which acted as the national power company until 1993, was gradually split into four companies: EUAS (Production), TEIAS (Transmission), TEDAS (Distribution), and TETAS (Marketing).

• Energy Supply

  Gas:

  The production of natural gas is low (0.4 bcm in 2021). Most of the gas supply comes from imports, which increased by 23% in 2021 to 59 bcm, notably driven by a higher demand for power generation. In 2021, LNG represented 28% of imports, stable since 2019 and up from 23% in 2018 and an average of 16% over 2011-2016.

• Energy Prices

  Gas:

  In 2021, the industrial and residential gas prices both decreased significantly to €1.67c/kWh (-20%) and €1.89c/kWh (-18%), respectively. In 2019, gas prices had increased both for industry and households by 30% and 10%, respectively, following successive price hikes. Previously, they decreased rapidly between 2013 and 2018 (-5%/year for industry and -10%/year for households).

• Energy Consumption

  Total consumption per capita is around 1.9 toe (2021) (of which 3 300 kWh of electricity) compared to about 3.1 toe for the EU.

• Issues & Prospects

  Electricity:

  As part of the measures to reach its NDC objective, Turkey plans to raise its solar capacity to 10 GW and its wind capacity to 16 GW by 2030 (from 8 and 11 GW, respectively, in 2021). It also aims at commissioning a nuclear power plant and reducing T&D losses to 15% by 2030.

  An objective of 4 GW of geothermal capacity in 2030 has also been set (from 2 GW in 2021).

• GENERAL OVERVIEW
• INSTITUTIONS AND ENERGY POLICY
• ENERGY COMPANIES
• ENERGY SUPPLY
• ENERGY PRICES
• ENERGY CONSUMPTION
• ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
• DATA TABLES
• ABBREVIATIONS
• GLOSSARY

Download the Table of Contents

Below is a list of the Turkey energy market report graphs:

• GRAPH 1: CO₂-energy emissions (MtCO₂)
• GRAPH 2: Installed electric capacity by source (2021, %)
• GRAPH 3: Gross power production by source (TWh)
• GRAPH 4: Power generation by source (2021, %)
• GRAPH 5: Gasoline & diesel prices (€/l)
• GRAPH 6: Electricity prices for industry and households (€c/kWh)
• GRAPH 7: Gas prices for industry and households (€c/kWh GCV)
• GRAPH 8: Consumption trends by energy source (Mtoe)
• GRAPH 9: Total consumption market share by energy (2021, %)
• GRAPH 10: Final consumption market share by sector (2021, %)
• GRAPH 11: Oil consumption (Mt)
• GRAPH 12: Oil consumption breakdown by sector (2021, %)
• GRAPH 13: Electricity consumption (TWh)
• GRAPH 14: Electricity consumption breakdown by sector (2021, %)
• GRAPH 15: Natural gas consumption (bcm)
• GRAPH 16: Gas consumption breakdown by sector (2021, %)
• GRAPH 17: Coal consumption (Mt)
• GRAPH 18: Coal consumption breakdown by sector (2021, %)

In the Turkey energy market report you will find the following tables:

• Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO₂ emissions.
• Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
• Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
• Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.
• Infrastructure Projects: Covers power plant projects by energy, technology, status and operator, gas plant projects by status and operator and LNG contracts.

The Turkey country dashboards are complemented with country forecasts from EnerFuture (excel file) with scenario comparison.

Data included in the excelsheet:

• Demand: Primary energy consumption, final energy consumption, by fuel, by sector.
• Power: Electricity generation & capacities, by technology.
• CO₂: Total CO₂ emissions.
• Macro-economy: Main macro-economic assumptions.
• Key indicators: Energy intensity, share of renewables, CO₂ emissions per capita and per unit of GDP.