Turkey energy report

• The country targets producing 50% of its electricity from renewables in 2023.
• It pledges to cut its GHG emissions by 21% in 2030 below a BAU scenario, which would imply a level of emissions more than twice those for 2012.
• Private companies account for around 80% of the power capacity.
• The country is very dependent on natural gas and oil imports (99% and 89%, respectively in 2020).
• The share of wind, solar, and geothermal in the power mix has increased by 12 points since 2010 (15%), while the share of coal and lignite has also progressed (+9 points).
• The country has very high motor fuel prices, but low gas prices, especially for households.
• Total energy demand has remained stable since 2017. Power generation absorbs a large share of coal and lignite. Buildings are the main gas consumers, while oil is mostly used in transport.
• Only one nuclear project is moving forward. The development of coal and lignite-fired generation is continuing.
• Significant amounts of natural gas have recently been discovered in the Black Sea by TPAO.

• Institutions & Energy Policy

  MENR, Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (ETKB in Turkish) controls the energy sector.

• Energy Companies

  Electricity:

  TEK, the Turkish Electricity Authority, which acted as the national power company until 1993, was gradually split into four companies: EUAS (Production), TEIAS (Transmission), TEDAS (Distribution), and TETAS (Marketing).

• Energy Supply

  Oil:

  Turkey covers only 11% of its total oil needs with a production of 4.0 Mt of crude oil (2020).

  The total refining capacity of 0.8 mb/d is distributed over 6 refineries, including 2 large ones belonging to Tupras: Izmir and Izmit (0.2 mb/d each). The STAR refinery (0.2 mb/d) was completed in 2018 by Socar.

• Energy Prices

  Electricity:

  In 2021, electricity prices decreased for the second consecutive year to €8.2c/kWh in both industry and residential (-9% vs 2020). In 2019, the industrial electricity price increased significantly (+34% compared to 2018), equalling the residential price, that had increased slightly (+8%).

• Energy Consumption

  Total consumption per capita is around 1.7 toe (2020) (of which 3 090 kWh from electricity) compared to about 3.1 toe for the EU.

• Issues & Prospects

  Electricity:

  As part of the measures to reach its NDC objective, Turkey plans to raise its solar capacity to 10 GW and its wind capacity to 16 GW by 2030 (from 7 and 9 GW, respectively, in 2020). It also aims at commissioning a nuclear power plant and reducing T&D losses to 15% by 2030.

  An objective of 4 GW of geothermal capacity in 2030 has also been set.

• GENERAL OVERVIEW
• INSTITUTIONS AND ENERGY POLICY
• ENERGY COMPANIES
• ENERGY SUPPLY
• ENERGY PRICES
• ENERGY CONSUMPTION
• ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
• DATA TABLES
• ABBREVIATIONS
• GLOSSARY

Download the Table of Contents

Below is a list of the Turkey energy market report graphs:

• GRAPH 1: CO₂-energy emissions (MtCO₂)
• GRAPH 2: Installed electric capacity by source (2020, %)
• GRAPH 3: Gross power production by source (TWh)
• GRAPH 4: Power generation by source (2020, %)
• GRAPH 5: Gasoline & diesel prices (€/l)
• GRAPH 6: Electricity prices for industry and households (€c/kWh)
• GRAPH 7: Gas prices for industry and households (€c/kWh GCV)
• GRAPH 8: Consumption trends by energy source (Mtoe)
• GRAPH 9: Total consumption market share by energy (2020, %)
• GRAPH 10: Final consumption market share by sector (2020, %)
• GRAPH 11: Oil consumption (Mt)
• GRAPH 12: Oil consumption breakdown by sector (2020, %)
• GRAPH 13: Electricity consumption (TWh)
• GRAPH 14: Electricity consumption breakdown by sector (2020, %)
• GRAPH 15: Natural gas consumption (bcm)
• GRAPH 16: Gas consumption breakdown by sector (2020, %)
• GRAPH 17: Coal consumption (Mt)
• GRAPH 18: Coal consumption breakdown by sector (2020, %)

In the Turkey energy market report you will find the following tables:

• Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO₂ emissions.
• Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
• Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
• Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.
• Infrastructure Projects: Covers power plant projects by energy, technology, status and operator, gas plant projects by status and operator and LNG contracts.

The Turkey country dashboards are complemented with country forecasts from EnerFuture (excel file) with scenario comparison.

Data included in the excelsheet:

• Demand: Primary energy consumption, final energy consumption, by fuel, by sector.
• Power: Electricity generation & capacities, by technology.
• CO₂: Total CO₂ emissions.
• Macro-economy: Main macro-economic assumptions.
• Key indicators: Energy intensity, share of renewables, CO₂ emissions per capita and per unit of GDP.