Italy Energy Information

Italy Energy Research

- Italy's Energy & Climate Policy Framework: Italy’s energy & climate policy targets 39% renewables by 2030, revives nuclear (SMRs), and allocates EUR 76bn (PNRR) to green transition, including EUR 34bn for sustainable mobility.

- Italy's Energy Companies: Major Italian energy firms (Enel, Eni, A2A, Edison) dominate power generation and retail markets, with Eni leading gas supply.

- Italy's Energy Supply & Demand: Italy’s energy mix shifted to 42% CO₂-free sources by 2025, with renewables and imports driving a 30% fall in total energy consumption since 2005. Gas and oil still dominate, but coal use has plummeted.

- Italy's Energy Use & Price by Sector: Final energy consumption stable since 2022; prices declining but remain above 2019 levels. Buildings (40%), transport (35%), and industry (26%) dominate demand. Electricity share rising, gas declining.

- Italy's Issues & Prospects: Italy aims to become a European energy hub via renewables, gas pipelines, and H₂ projects, with 131 GW of green capacity by 2030.

Italy Total Energy Production & Consumption

Total energy consumption has been declining since 2021 (-3.2%/year, including -1.4% in 2025), reaching 131 Mtoe in 2025 (-2.5%/year at normal climate). Overall, it has fallen by 30% since its 2005 peak and now stands 10% below its 1990 level. The decrease in primary consumption is mainly due to higher power imports and the increased share of renewables in the power mix. Per capita consumption is 18% lower than the EU average (2.2 toe).

Graph: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source

Source: Italy energy report

Interactive Chart Italy Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Italy Oil Production & Consumption

Crude oil production is low, ranging between 4 and 6.5 Mt/year since 2000. Despite an 18% rebound in 2023 to 5.7 Mt, it has been declining sharply again since then (-13%/year) to 4.3 Mt in 2025.

Crude oil imports contracted by around 2% in 2025 to 57 Mt, covering 86% of oil consumption. Five suppliers accounted for 69% of crude oil supply in 2025, namely Libya (24%), Azerbaijan (17%), Kazakhstan (13%), the United States (9%), and Iraq (6%). Russia, which accounted for 19% of imports in 2022, has not exported oil to Italy since then.

Source: Italy energy report

Interactive Chart Italy Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart Italy Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Italy Natural Gas Production & Consumption

Gas production rebounded by 17% to 3.4 bcm in 2025, after a sharp decline between 2012 and 2024 (-9%/year), but it only covers 5% of the consumption. In 2024, Eni started production at its Argo Cassiopea gas field (10 bcm of estimated reserves, 1.5 bcm/year).

Source: Italy energy report

Interactive Chart Italy Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Italy Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Coal production stopped in 2016 and was very low before that (less than 1 Mt since 1990). Coal imports have collapsed since 2012 (24.5 Mt), falling by 14%/year to 3.4 Mt in 2025 (-8% in 2025 alone), in line with the 18%/year fall in coal-fired power generation over the 2012-2025 period. This downward trend was only suspended in 2021-2022, when rising gas prices revived coal-fired power generation, but resumed as of 2023 (-39% in 2023 and -50% in 2024).

Source: Italy energy report

Interactive Chart Italy Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Italy Renewable in % Electricity Production

The updated NECP (2024) raised the 2030 targets for the share of renewables in final consumption to 39.4% (+9.4 points), including 63% for electricity, 36% for heating and cooling, and 34% in transport. It also targets 42% to 54% of renewable hydrogen in total hydrogen consumption in industry by 2030. In 2024, renewables covered 19.4% of final energy consumption (40.7% for electricity, 20.2% for heating and cooling, and 10% for transport). Italy exceeded its 2020 renewable targets by 3.4 points, with a share of renewables in final energy consumption reaching 20.4%.

Source: Italy energy report

Interactive Chart Italy Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Italy GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

The updated NECP (2024) aims at cutting GHG emissions for all ETS sectors by 58% (up from 43% in the 2019 NECP) and for all non-ETS sectors by up to 29% in 2030 (from 33%) compared to 2005. Italy also aims to remove 28 MtCO2 from the LULUCF sector.

Source: Italy energy report

Interactive Chart Italy CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data